Question:
1) differences between miosis and mitosis ?
2) what is haploid and diploid cells [in detail]
3) differences between fragmentation and regeneration ?
Answer:
| Meiosis | Mitosis | |
|---|---|---|
| Type of Reproduction | Sexual | Asexual |
| Occurs in | Humans, animals, plants, fungi. | All organisms. |
| Genetically | Different | Identical |
| Crossing Over | Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur. | No, crossing over cannot occur. |
| Definition | A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes, producing two haploid cells. | A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in each resulting diploid cell. |
| Pairing of Homologs | Yes | No |
| Function | Genetic diversity through sexual reproduction. | Cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body. |
| Number of Divisions | 2 | 1 |
| Number of Daughter Cells produced | 4 haploid cells | 2 diploid cells |
| Chromosome Number | Reduced by half. | Remains the same. |
| Steps | (Meiosis 1) Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I; (Meiosis 2) Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II. | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. |
| Karyokinesis | Occurs in Interphase I. | Occurs in Interphase. |
| Cytokinesis | Occurs in Telophase I and in Telophase II. | Occurs in Telophase. |
| Centromeres Split | The centromeres do not separate during anaphase I, but during anaphase II. | The centromeres split during anaphase. |
| Creates | Sex cells only: female egg cells or male sperm cells. | Makes everything other than sex cells. |
| Discovered by | Oscar Hertwig | Walther Flemming |
Haploid cells are the ones which has only one copy of the total gene number. A diploid cell has two copies of the gene copy number.
Fragmentation is when an organism is split into fragments, and each fragment grows into complete, individual organisms that are clones of the original organism. Regeneration is the process of regrowth that organisms that allows for partial or complete regrowth of tissue after a damaging event.
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